The founders did not invent impeachment. [4], In Texas, two officials have been successfully impeached -- Governor James Ferguson in 1917 and Judge O.P. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Ferguson declared that the legislature constituted little more than a "kangaroo court," but only a few Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. Ma placed a distant fifth. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. By W.F. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. (b. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. Please subscribe to keep reading. After 10 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor has not acted, then by proclamation of, After 15 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor and Lt. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. And this current flap is far from over. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. He decided that the university president must resign, and when Vinson refused, Ferguson vetoed the universitys entire budget. In 1917, Gov. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. "Ferguson Impeachment I dont have to give any reasons, according to the American Political Science Review. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Elementary school music teacher leaves $6M to Baylor, Former NFL star Chad Johnson says he saved money by living inside Cincinnati Bengals stadium for 2 years, Mike Copeland: Steak and Ale comeback; Paper plant progress; Bagby apartments; Gaines Booked Up, Lake on Waco Creek floated for park next to Floyd Casey development, Whizzbang's owner buys Health Camp with eye to preserving burger joint legacy, Waco Charter School to close after summer classes, Sheriff names man found dead of apparent gunshot in Golinda, La Vega, Fairfield girls know the way to San Antone, clinching state trips, Brothers continue dad's clear legacy at Freddy's Glass, Brice Cherry: Collen pushes all the right buttons in her best coaching performance yet, Olympic-winning pole vaulter, pastor Bob Richards dies at 97, The GOAT of tennis families lives in Groesbeck. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. School districts | In 1917, Gov. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. Encyclopedia.com. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers) and judges. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. The Senate removed Ferguson from office by a vote of 25-3. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? Ferguson was also surpassed by three other unsuccessful candidates: Ferguson failed at his bid for the United States Senate in 1922, having lost in the Democratic runoff election to Earle Bradford Mayfield. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Cities | A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. The incumbent State Librarian was Ernest Winkler, who was a professional historian with years of experience as a librarian. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. One final note of incredulity. Low 54F. This is why I so often say, Im W. F. Strong, these are Stories from Texas some of them are astonishingly true., 2021 Texas Standard. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. James Ferguson. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. The second was state District Judge OliveroCarrilloin 1976, who was impeached for income tax fraud. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. He told the UT president, Dr. Robert E. Vinson, that he wanted them fired. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. He believed that "a Negro has no business whatever taking a part in the political affairs of the Democratic party, the white man's party." The vote was 25-3. | resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . As a result of these and other expenditures, the ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced from 12 1/2 to 30 cents. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. Ferguson won the nomination by a majority of about 40,000 votes. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. There were . Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. The Regents refused. It proved his undoing. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. With strong support from progressive and anti-Prohibition forces, "Farmer Jim" was elected governor of Texas in 1914. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. Sam Houston Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. The Freddy's Glass legacyPeople who knew our dad and his story say he would be proud of us, but we say, Man, were proud of himHe truly. Which Way Will Harris County Precinct 3 Turn In 2020? He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. In 1940 Mrs. Ferguson again sought the governorship, and for the last time "Farmer Jim" appealed to the voters of Texas. In 1917, Gov. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. He had attempted to stack the board of regents with friends who would help fire these professors and staffers, and he had called for the resignation of the universitys president, Robert Vinson. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Dictionary of American History. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. Ferguson, had a stormy two-term reign and was impeached in 1917 over charges of misappropriation of funds regarding the University of Texas as well as embezzlement. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. Animals talk; all you have to do is listen. For Trey and Carol South, love of animals feeds their souls, and clients are assured their pets . Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. Gov. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. Three new normal schools were authorized. The movement to impeach and remove James Ferguson as governor ultimately ended with Ferguson _____. The vote was 25-3. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. Dictionary of American History. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. Unlike federal offices, which require formal charges brought against an individual and in most cases criminal charges, the Texas Constitution does not provide specific grounds for impeachment. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. His father died when he was 4. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. by Nicole Shealy The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. In 1935, the Fergusons lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the board of regents fire them. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. Against a lawsuit filed to prevent the Texas Democratic Party from listing him on the primary ballot, Ferguson argued that his impeachment trial ended without a conviction or judgment because he resigned his office before the Senate decided the case. July 2, 20146 AM Central. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. . [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. ." Ma placed a distant fifth. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. When Vinson refused to fire the professors, Ferguson went after the Board of Regents to get them to do his bidding. Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline State and local courts | Pat Neff. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. 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